ユーザーガイド（Debian/Ubuntu）

mkdir -p /build
curl -fsSL \
       https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrest/releases/download/release%2F2.59.3/pgbackrest-2.59.3.tar.gz | \
       tar zx -C /build

sudo apt-get install python3-distutils meson gcc libpq-dev libssl-dev libxml2-dev \
       pkg-config liblz4-dev libzstd-dev libbz2-dev libz-dev libssh2-1-dev libsystemd-dev

meson setup /build/pgbackrest /build/pgbackrest-2.59.3
ninja -C /build/pgbackrest

meson test -C /build/pgbackrest --suite smoke

ninja: Entering directory `/build/pgbackrest'
ninja: no work to do.
1/1 smoke OK               11.07s


       [filtered 7 lines of output]

sudo apt-get install postgresql-client libxml2 libssh2-1

sudo scp build:/build/pgbackrest/src/pgbackrest /usr/bin
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/pgbackrest

sudo mkdir -p -m 770 /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo chown postgres:postgres /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest/conf.d
sudo touch /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest

pgBackRest 2.59.3 - General help

Usage:
    pgbackrest [options] [command]

Commands:
    annotate        add or modify backup annotation
    archive-get     get a WAL segment from the archive
    archive-push    push a WAL segment to the archive
    backup          backup a database cluster
    check           check the configuration
    expire          expire backups that exceed retention
    help            get help
    info            retrieve information about backups
    repo-get        get a file from a repository
    repo-ls         list files in a repository
    restore         restore a database cluster
    server          pgBackRest server
    server-ping     ping pgBackRest server
    stanza-create   create the required stanza data
    stanza-delete   delete a stanza
    stanza-upgrade  upgrade a stanza
    start           allow pgBackRest processes to run
    stop            stop pgBackRest processes from running
    verify          verify contents of a repository
    version         get version

Use 'pgbackrest help [command]' for more information.

sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/17/bin/initdb \
       -D /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo -k -A peer
sudo pg_createcluster 17 demo

Configuring already existing cluster (configuration: /etc/postgresql/17/demo, data: /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo, owner: 102:103)
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner    Data directory              Log file
17  demo    5432 down   postgres /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-17-demo.log

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo

sudo -u postgres bash -c ' \
       export PGBACKREST_LOG_PATH=/path/set/by/env && \
       pgbackrest --log-level-console=error help backup log-path'

pgBackRest 2.59.3 - 'backup' command - 'log-path' option help

Path where log files are stored.

The log path provides a location for pgBackRest to store log files. Note that
if log-level-file=off then no log path is required.

current: /path/set/by/env
default: /var/log/pgbackrest

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/pgbackrest
sudo chmod 750 /var/lib/pgbackrest
sudo chown postgres:postgres /var/lib/pgbackrest

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

archive_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-push %p'

archive_mode = on

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo restart

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info stanza-create

P00   INFO: stanza-create command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=415-9c2d1500 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: stanza-create for stanza 'demo' on repo1
P00   INFO: stanza-create command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info check

P00   INFO: check command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=424-7270037b --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: check repo1 configuration (primary)
P00   INFO: check repo1 archive for WAL (primary)
P00   INFO: WAL segment 000000010000000000000001 successfully archived to '/var/lib/pgbackrest/archive/demo/17-1/0000000100000000/000000010000000000000001-e8eb01b8d8aaf321d368dc8edf5b559247841eb1.gz' on repo1
P00   INFO: check command end: completed successfully

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo \
       --log-level-console=info backup

P00   INFO: backup command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=451-67e8eca3 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo --start-fast
P00   WARN: no prior backup exists, incr backup has been changed to full
P00   INFO: execute backup start: backup begins after the requested immediate checkpoint completes
P00   INFO: backup start archive = 000000010000000000000002, lsn = 0/2000028
       [filtered 3 lines of output]
P00   INFO: check archive for segment(s) 000000010000000000000002:000000010000000000000003
P00   INFO: new backup label = 20261002-190624F
P00   INFO: full backup size = 22MB, file total = 963
P00   INFO: backup command end: completed successfully
P00   INFO: expire command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=451-67e8eca3 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=diff \
       --log-level-console=info backup

       [filtered 7 lines of output]
P00   INFO: check archive for segment(s) 000000010000000000000004:000000010000000000000005
P00   INFO: new backup label = 20261002-190624F_20261002-190626D
P00   INFO: diff backup size = 8.3KB, file total = 963
P00   INFO: backup command end: completed successfully
P00   INFO: expire command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=477-af59c897 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo

#m h   dom mon dow   command
30 06  *   *   0     pgbackrest --type=full --stanza=demo backup
30 06  *   *   1-6   pgbackrest --type=diff --stanza=demo backup

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest info

stanza: demo
    status: ok
    cipher: aes-256-cbc

    db (current)
        wal archive min/max (17): 000000010000000000000001/000000010000000000000005

        full backup: 20261002-190624F
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:06:24+00 / 2026-10-02 19:06:26+00
            wal start/stop: 000000010000000000000002 / 000000010000000000000003
            database size: 22MB, database backup size: 22MB
            repo1: backup set size: 2.9MB, backup size: 2.9MB

        diff backup: 20261002-190624F_20261002-190626D
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:06:26+00 / 2026-10-02 19:06:28+00
            wal start/stop: 000000010000000000000004 / 000000010000000000000005
            database size: 22MB, database backup size: 8.3KB
            repo1: backup set size: 2.9MB, backup size: 448B
            backup reference total: 1 full

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop
sudo -u postgres rm /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/global/pg_control

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

Error: /usr/lib/postgresql/17/bin/pg_ctl /usr/lib/postgresql/17/bin/pg_ctl start -D /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo -l /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-17-demo.log -s -o  -c config_file="/etc/postgresql/17/demo/postgresql.conf"  exited with status 1:
postgres: could not find the database system
Expected to find it in the directory "/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo",
but could not open file "/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/global/pg_control": No such file or directory
Examine the log output.

sudo -u postgres find /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo -mindepth 1 -delete

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo restore
sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

sudo -u postgres cat \
       /var/lib/postgresql/pgbackrest/doc/example/pgsql-pgbackrest-info.sql

-- An example of monitoring pgBackRest from within PostgreSQL
--
-- Use copy to export data from the pgBackRest info command into the jsonb
-- type so it can be queried directly by PostgreSQL.

-- Create monitor schema
create schema monitor;

-- Get pgBackRest info in JSON format
create function monitor.pgbackrest_info()
    returns jsonb AS $$
declare
    data jsonb;
begin
    -- Create a temp table to hold the JSON data
    create temp table temp_pgbackrest_data (data text);

    -- Copy data into the table directly from the pgBackRest info command
    copy temp_pgbackrest_data (data)
        from program
            'pgbackrest --output=json info' (format text);

    select replace(temp_pgbackrest_data.data, E'\n', '\n')::jsonb
      into data
      from temp_pgbackrest_data;

    drop table temp_pgbackrest_data;

    return data;
end $$ language plpgsql;

sudo -u postgres psql -f \
       /var/lib/postgresql/pgbackrest/doc/example/pgsql-pgbackrest-info.sql

sudo -u postgres cat \
       /var/lib/postgresql/pgbackrest/doc/example/pgsql-pgbackrest-query.sql

-- Get last successful backup for each stanza
--
-- Requires the monitor.pgbackrest_info function.
with stanza as
(
    select data->'name' as name,
           data->'backup'->(
               jsonb_array_length(data->'backup') - 1) as last_backup,
           data->'archive'->(
               jsonb_array_length(data->'archive') - 1) as current_archive
      from jsonb_array_elements(monitor.pgbackrest_info()) as data
)
select name,
       to_timestamp(
           (last_backup->'timestamp'->>'stop')::numeric) as last_successful_backup,
       current_archive->>'max' as last_archived_wal
  from stanza;

sudo -u postgres psql -f \
       /var/lib/postgresql/pgbackrest/doc/example/pgsql-pgbackrest-query.sql

  name  | last_successful_backup |    last_archived_wal
--------+------------------------+--------------------------
 "demo" | 2026-10-02 19:06:28+00 | 000000010000000000000005
(1 row)

sudo apt-get install jq

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --output=json --stanza=demo info | \
       jq '.[0] | .backup[-1] | .timestamp.stop'

1790967988

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --output=json --stanza=demo info | \
       jq '.[0] | .archive[-1] | .max'

"000000010000000000000005"

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=full backup

sudo -u postgres find /var/lib/pgbackrest/backup/demo/latest/ -type f | wc -l

5

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --annotation=source="demo backup" \
       --annotation=key=value --type=full backup

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --set=20261002-190643F info

stanza: demo
    status: ok
    cipher: aes-256-cbc

    db (current)
        wal archive min/max (17): 000000020000000000000007/000000020000000000000009

        full backup: 20261002-190643F
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:06:43+00 / 2026-10-02 19:06:44+00
            wal start/stop: 000000020000000000000008 / 000000020000000000000009
            lsn start/stop: 0/8000028 / 0/9000050
            database size: 22MB, database backup size: 22MB
            repo1: backup size: 2.9MB
            database list: postgres (5)
            annotation(s)
                key: value
                source: demo backup

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --set=20261002-190643F \
       --annotation=key= --annotation=new_key=new_value annotate
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --set=20261002-190643F info

stanza: demo
    status: ok
    cipher: aes-256-cbc

    db (current)
        wal archive min/max (17): 000000020000000000000007/000000020000000000000009

        full backup: 20261002-190643F
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:06:43+00 / 2026-10-02 19:06:44+00
            wal start/stop: 000000020000000000000008 / 000000020000000000000009
            lsn start/stop: 0/8000028 / 0/9000050
            database size: 22MB, database backup size: 22MB
            repo1: backup size: 2.9MB
            database list: postgres (5)
            annotation(s)
                new_key: new_value
                source: demo backup

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=full \
       --log-level-console=detail backup

       [filtered 975 lines of output]
P00   INFO: repo1: remove expired backup 20261002-190641F
P00 DETAIL: repo1: 17-1 archive retention on backup 20261002-190643F, start = 000000020000000000000008
P00   INFO: repo1: 17-1 remove archive, start = 000000020000000000000007, stop = 000000020000000000000007
P00   INFO: expire command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=full \
       --log-level-console=info backup

       [filtered 11 lines of output]
P00   INFO: repo1: expire full backup 20261002-190643F
P00   INFO: repo1: remove expired backup 20261002-190643F
P00   INFO: repo1: 17-1 remove archive, start = 000000020000000000000008, stop = 00000002000000000000000A
P00   INFO: expire command end: completed successfully

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-diff=1

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=diff backup
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=incr backup

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=diff \
       --log-level-console=info backup

       [filtered 10 lines of output]
P00   INFO: backup command end: completed successfully
P00   INFO: expire command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=956-fb652d58 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo1-retention-diff=1 --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: repo1: expire diff backup set 20261002-190648F_20261002-190650D, 20261002-190648F_20261002-190651I
P00   INFO: repo1: remove expired backup 20261002-190648F_20261002-190651I
P00   INFO: repo1: remove expired backup 20261002-190648F_20261002-190650D
P00   INFO: expire command end: completed successfully

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-diff=2

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=diff \
       --log-level-console=info backup

       [filtered 6 lines of output]
P00   INFO: backup stop archive = 000000020000000000000017, lsn = 0/17000050
P00   INFO: check archive for segment(s) 000000020000000000000016:000000020000000000000017
P00   INFO: new backup label = 20261002-190648F_20261002-190654D
P00   INFO: diff backup size = 8.3KB, file total = 963
P00   INFO: backup command end: completed successfully
       [filtered 2 lines of output]

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=detail \
       --repo1-retention-archive-type=diff --repo1-retention-archive=1 expire

P00   INFO: expire command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1037-f7b8ca1a --log-level-console=detail --no-log-timestamp --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo1-retention-archive=1 --repo1-retention-archive-type=diff --repo1-retention-diff=2 --repo1-retention-full=2 --stanza=demo
P00 DETAIL: repo1: 17-1 archive retention on backup 20261002-190646F, start = 00000002000000000000000B, stop = 00000002000000000000000B
P00 DETAIL: repo1: 17-1 archive retention on backup 20261002-190648F, start = 00000002000000000000000C, stop = 00000002000000000000000D
P00 DETAIL: repo1: 17-1 archive retention on backup 20261002-190648F_20261002-190652D, start = 000000020000000000000012, stop = 000000020000000000000013
P00 DETAIL: repo1: 17-1 archive retention on backup 20261002-190648F_20261002-190654D, start = 000000020000000000000016
P00   INFO: repo1: 17-1 remove archive, start = 00000002000000000000000E, stop = 000000020000000000000011
P00   INFO: repo1: 17-1 remove archive, start = 000000020000000000000014, stop = 000000020000000000000015
P00   INFO: expire command end: completed successfully

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --delta \
       --log-level-console=detail restore

       [filtered 2 lines of output]
P00 DETAIL: check '/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo' exists
P00 DETAIL: remove 'global/pg_control' so cluster will not start if restore does not complete
P00   INFO: remove invalid files/links/paths from '/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo'
P00 DETAIL: remove invalid file '/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/backup_label.old'
P00 DETAIL: remove invalid file '/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/1/pg_internal.init'
       [filtered 769 lines of output]
P01 DETAIL: restore file /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/1/113 - exists and matches backup (bundle 20261002-190648F/1/2665832, 8KB, 88.00%) checksum 1cd643347b87a472ff001ae124e4b532ce998d2f
P01 DETAIL: restore file /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/1/112 - exists and matches backup (bundle 20261002-190648F/1/2665920, 8KB, 88.03%) checksum 2cbd5cf8fb22ef627eb539776c5ec7457bdb2890
P01 DETAIL: restore file /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/PG_VERSION - exists and matches backup (bundle 20261002-190648F/1/2666008, 3B, 88.03%) checksum ad48103e4fc71796e9708cafc43adeed0d1076b7
P01 DETAIL: restore file /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/5/2608_fsm - exists and matches backup (bundle 20261002-190648F/1/2666032, 24KB, 88.14%) checksum e807fe622bbfccc5e9ad7f453ecb4f0eaccb75e2
P01 DETAIL: restore file /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/postgresql.auto.conf - exists and matches backup (bundle 20261002-190648F/1/2666272, 229B, 88.14%) checksum e1b0002d9a33d70466c5a348f4e0c1f1f80639f6
       [filtered 233 lines of output]

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

sudo -u postgres psql -c "create database test1;"

CREATE DATABASE

sudo -u postgres psql -c "create database test2;"

CREATE DATABASE

sudo -u postgres psql -c "create table test1_table (id int); \
       insert into test1_table (id) values (1);" test1

CREATE TABLE
INSERT 0 1

sudo -u postgres psql -c "create table test2_table (id int); \
       insert into test2_table (id) values (2);" test2

CREATE TABLE
INSERT 0 1

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=incr backup

sudo -u postgres du -sh /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/32768

7.4M	/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/32768

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo \
       --set=20261002-190648F_20261002-190702I info

       [filtered 12 lines of output]
            repo1: backup size: 1.9MB
            backup reference list: 20261002-190648F, 20261002-190648F_20261002-190654D
            database list: postgres (5), test1 (32768), test2 (32769)

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --delta \
       --db-include=test2 --type=immediate --target-action=promote restore
sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

sudo -u postgres psql -c "select * from test2_table;" test2

 id
----
  2
(1 row)

sudo -u postgres psql -c "select * from test1_table;" test1

psql: error: connection to server on socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432" failed: FATAL:  relation mapping file "base/32768/pg_filenode.map" contains invalid data

sudo -u postgres du -sh /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/32768

8.0K	/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/base/32768

sudo -u postgres psql -c "drop database test1;"

DROP DATABASE

sudo -u postgres psql -c "select oid, datname from pg_database order by oid;"

  oid  |  datname
-------+-----------
     1 | template1
     4 | template0
     5 | postgres
 32769 | test2
(4 rows)

sudo -u postgres psql -c "begin; \
       create table important_table (message text); \
       insert into important_table values ('Important Data'); \
       commit; \
       select * from important_table;"

       [filtered 4 lines of output]
    message
----------------
 Important Data
(1 row)

sudo -u postgres psql -Atc "select current_timestamp"

2026-10-02 19:07:12.060959+00

sudo -u postgres psql -c "begin; \
       drop table important_table; \
       commit; \
       select * from important_table;"

BEGIN
DROP TABLE
COMMITERROR:  relation "important_table" does not exist
LINE 1: ...le important_table;     commit;     select * from important_...
                                                             ^

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=incr backup
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest info

       [filtered 38 lines of output]
            backup reference total: 1 full, 1 diff

        incr backup: 20261002-190648F_20261002-190713I
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:07:13+00 / 2026-10-02 19:07:14+00
            wal start/stop: 00000004000000000000001A / 00000004000000000000001A
       [filtered 2 lines of output]

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --delta \
       --set=20261002-190648F_20261002-190713I --target-timeline=current \
       --type=time "--target=2026-10-02 19:07:12.060959+00" --target-action=promote restore
sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

       [filtered 13 lines of output]
LOG:  database system is ready to accept read-only connections
LOG:  redo done at 0/1A000120 system usage: CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.00 s, elapsed: 0.03 s
FATAL:  recovery ended before configured recovery target was reached
LOG:  startup process (PID 1437) exited with exit code 1
LOG:  terminating any other active server processes
       [filtered 3 lines of output]

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --delta \
       --type=time "--target=2026-10-02 19:07:12.060959+00" \
       --target-action=promote restore
sudo -u postgres cat /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/postgresql.auto.conf

       [filtered 9 lines of output]
# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:07:16
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'
recovery_target_time = '2026-10-02 19:07:12.060959+00'
recovery_target_action = 'promote'

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start
sudo -u postgres psql -c "select * from important_table"

    message
----------------
 Important Data
(1 row)

sudo -u postgres cat /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-17-demo.log

       [filtered 7 lines of output]
LOG:  restored log file "00000004.history" from archive
LOG:  restored log file "000000040000000000000019" from archive
LOG:  starting point-in-time recovery to 2026-10-02 19:07:12.060959+00
LOG:  restored log file "00000003.history" from archive
LOG:  redo starts at 0/19000028
       [filtered 2 lines of output]
LOG:  database system is ready to accept read-only connections
LOG:  restored log file "00000004000000000000001A" from archive
LOG:  recovery stopping before commit of transaction 748, time 2026-10-02 19:07:13.389359+00
LOG:  redo done at 0/1901CC00 system usage: CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.01 s, elapsed: 0.07 s
LOG:  last completed transaction was at log time 2026-10-02 19:07:10.778316+00
LOG:  restored log file "000000040000000000000019" from archive
LOG:  selected new timeline ID: 5
       [filtered 5 lines of output]

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info stop

P00   INFO: stop command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1568-4c984637 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: stop command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=1 \
       --log-level-console=info stanza-delete

P00   INFO: stanza-delete command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1576-48368d9e --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo=1 --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: stanza-delete command end: completed successfully

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-diff=2

repo1-retention-full=2

repo2-azure-account=pgbackrest

repo2-azure-container=demo-container

repo2-azure-key=YXpLZXk=

repo2-path=/demo-repo

repo2-retention-full=4

repo2-type=azure

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info stanza-create

P00   INFO: stanza-create command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1657-1f40c982 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo2-type=azure --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: stanza-create for stanza 'demo' on repo1
P00   INFO: stanza-create for stanza 'demo' on repo2
P00   INFO: stanza-create command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=2 \
       --log-level-console=info backup

P00   INFO: backup command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1666-1ab08562 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo=2 --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-block --repo1-bundle --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo1-retention-diff=2 --repo1-retention-full=2 --repo2-retention-full=4 --repo2-type=azure --stanza=demo --start-fast
P00   WARN: no prior backup exists, incr backup has been changed to full
P00   INFO: execute backup start: backup begins after the requested immediate checkpoint completes
P00   INFO: backup start archive = 00000005000000000000001B, lsn = 0/1B000028
       [filtered 3 lines of output]
P00   INFO: check archive for segment(s) 00000005000000000000001B:00000005000000000000001B
P00   INFO: new backup label = 20261002-190727F
P00   INFO: full backup size = 29.2MB, file total = 1265
P00   INFO: backup command end: completed successfully
P00   INFO: expire command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1666-1ab08562 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --repo=2 --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo1-retention-diff=2 --repo1-retention-full=2 --repo2-retention-full=4 --repo2-type=azure --stanza=demo

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-diff=2

repo1-retention-full=2

repo2-azure-account=pgbackrest

repo2-azure-container=demo-container

repo2-azure-key=YXpLZXk=

repo2-path=/demo-repo

repo2-retention-full=4

repo2-type=azure

repo3-path=/demo-repo

repo3-retention-full=4

repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket

repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

repo3-s3-key=accessKey1

repo3-s3-key-secret=verySecretKey1

repo3-s3-region=us-east-1

repo3-type=s3

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::demo-bucket"
            ],
            "Condition": {
                "StringEquals": {
                    "s3:prefix": [
                        "",
                        "demo-repo"
                    ],
                    "s3:delimiter": [
                        "/"
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:ListBucket"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::demo-bucket"
            ],
            "Condition": {
                "StringLike": {
                    "s3:prefix": [
                        "demo-repo/*"
                    ]
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "s3:PutObject",
                "s3:PutObjectTagging",
                "s3:GetObject",
                "s3:GetObjectVersion",
                "s3:DeleteObject"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:s3:::demo-bucket/demo-repo/*"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info stanza-create

       [filtered 4 lines of output]
P00   INFO: stanza 'demo' already exists on repo2 and is valid
P00   INFO: stanza-create for stanza 'demo' on repo3
P00   INFO: stanza-create command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=3 \
       --log-level-console=info backup

P00   INFO: backup command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1767-6031c435 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo=3 --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-block --repo1-bundle --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo3-path=/demo-repo --repo1-retention-diff=2 --repo1-retention-full=2 --repo2-retention-full=4 --repo3-retention-full=4 --repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket --repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com --repo3-s3-key=<redacted> --repo3-s3-key-secret=<redacted> --repo3-s3-region=us-east-1 --repo2-type=azure --repo3-type=s3 --stanza=demo --start-fast
P00   WARN: no prior backup exists, incr backup has been changed to full
P00   INFO: execute backup start: backup begins after the requested immediate checkpoint completes
P00   INFO: backup start archive = 00000005000000000000001D, lsn = 0/1D000028
       [filtered 3 lines of output]
P00   INFO: check archive for segment(s) 00000005000000000000001D:00000005000000000000001D
P00   INFO: new backup label = 20261002-190741F
P00   INFO: full backup size = 29.2MB, file total = 1265
P00   INFO: backup command end: completed successfully
P00   INFO: expire command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1767-6031c435 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --repo=3 --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo3-path=/demo-repo --repo1-retention-diff=2 --repo1-retention-full=2 --repo2-retention-full=4 --repo3-retention-full=4 --repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket --repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com --repo3-s3-key=<redacted> --repo3-s3-key-secret=<redacted> --repo3-s3-region=us-east-1 --repo2-type=azure --repo3-type=s3 --stanza=demo

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

process-max=4

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-diff=2

repo1-retention-full=2

repo2-azure-account=pgbackrest

repo2-azure-container=demo-container

repo2-azure-key=YXpLZXk=

repo2-path=/demo-repo

repo2-retention-full=4

repo2-type=azure

repo3-path=/demo-repo

repo3-retention-full=4

repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket

repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

repo3-s3-key=accessKey1

repo3-s3-key-secret=verySecretKey1

repo3-s3-region=us-east-1

repo3-type=s3

repo4-bundle=y

repo4-path=/demo-repo

repo4-sftp-host=sftp-server

repo4-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha1

repo4-sftp-host-user=pgbackrest

repo4-sftp-private-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp

repo4-sftp-public-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp.pub

repo4-type=sftp

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo -u postgres mkdir -m 750 -p /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh
sudo -u postgres ssh-keygen -f /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp \
       -t rsa -b 4096 -N "" -m PEM

sudo -u pgbackrest mkdir -m 750 -p /home/pgbackrest/.ssh
(sudo ssh root@pg-primary cat /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp.pub) | \
       sudo -u pgbackrest tee -a /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/authorized_keys

ssh-keyscan -H sftp-server >> /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/known_hosts 2>/dev/null

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info stanza-create

       [filtered 6 lines of output]
P00   INFO: stanza 'demo' already exists on repo3 and is valid
P00   INFO: stanza-create for stanza 'demo' on repo4
P00   INFO: stanza-create command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=4 \
       --log-level-console=info backup

P00   INFO: backup command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1859-efaa8e87 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --process-max=4 --repo=4 --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-block --repo1-bundle --repo4-bundle --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo3-path=/demo-repo --repo4-path=/demo-repo --repo1-retention-diff=2 --repo1-retention-full=2 --repo2-retention-full=4 --repo3-retention-full=4 --repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket --repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com --repo3-s3-key=<redacted> --repo3-s3-key-secret=<redacted> --repo3-s3-region=us-east-1 --repo4-sftp-host=sftp-server --repo4-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha1 --repo4-sftp-host-user=pgbackrest --repo4-sftp-private-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp --repo4-sftp-public-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp.pub --repo2-type=azure --repo3-type=s3 --repo4-type=sftp --stanza=demo --start-fast
P00   WARN: option 'repo4-retention-full' is not set for 'repo4-retention-full-type=count', the repository may run out of space
            HINT: to retain full backups indefinitely (without warning), set option 'repo4-retention-full' to the maximum.
P00   WARN: no prior backup exists, incr backup has been changed to full
P00   INFO: execute backup start: backup begins after the requested immediate checkpoint completes
P00   INFO: backup start archive = 00000005000000000000001E, lsn = 0/1E000028
       [filtered 3 lines of output]
P00   INFO: check archive for segment(s) 00000005000000000000001E:00000005000000000000001F
P00   INFO: new backup label = 20261002-190759F
P00   INFO: full backup size = 29.2MB, file total = 1265
P00   INFO: backup command end: completed successfully
P00   INFO: expire command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1859-efaa8e87 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --repo=4 --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo3-path=/demo-repo --repo4-path=/demo-repo --repo1-retention-diff=2 --repo1-retention-full=2 --repo2-retention-full=4 --repo3-retention-full=4 --repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket --repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com --repo3-s3-key=<redacted> --repo3-s3-key-secret=<redacted> --repo3-s3-region=us-east-1 --repo4-sftp-host=sftp-server --repo4-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha1 --repo4-sftp-host-user=pgbackrest --repo4-sftp-private-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp --repo4-sftp-public-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp.pub --repo2-type=azure --repo3-type=s3 --repo4-type=sftp --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: expire command end: completed successfully

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

process-max=4

repo1-block=y

repo1-bundle=y

repo1-cipher-pass=zWaf6XtpjIVZC5444yXB+cgFDFl7MxGlgkZSaoPvTGirhPygu4jOKOXf9LO4vjfO

repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-diff=2

repo1-retention-full=2

repo2-azure-account=pgbackrest

repo2-azure-container=demo-container

repo2-azure-key=YXpLZXk=

repo2-path=/demo-repo

repo2-retention-full=4

repo2-type=azure

repo3-path=/demo-repo

repo3-retention-full=4

repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket

repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com

repo3-s3-key=accessKey1

repo3-s3-key-secret=verySecretKey1

repo3-s3-region=us-east-1

repo3-type=s3

repo4-bundle=y

repo4-path=/demo-repo

repo4-sftp-host=sftp-server

repo4-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha1

repo4-sftp-host-user=pgbackrest

repo4-sftp-private-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp

repo4-sftp-public-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp.pub

repo4-type=sftp

repo5-gcs-bucket=demo-bucket

repo5-gcs-key=/etc/pgbackrest/gcs-key.json

repo5-path=/demo-repo

repo5-type=gcs

start-fast=y



[global:archive-push]

compress-level=3

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo stop
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=3 stanza-delete

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=3 info

stanza: demo
    status: error (missing stanza path)

key=demo-repo/backup/demo/backup.info; \
       aws s3api list-object-versions --bucket demo-bucket \
       --prefix $key --output table \
       --query "sort_by([Versions[?Key=='$key'].{Action:'PUT', \
       Modified:LastModified,Object:Key}, \
       DeleteMarkers[?Key=='$key'].{Action:'DELETE', \
       Modified:LastModified,Object:Key}][],&Modified)"

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|                            ListObjectVersions                             |
+--------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Action |         Modified           |               Object                |
+--------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------+
|  PUT   |  2026-10-02T19:07:41.474Z  |  demo-repo/backup/demo/backup.info  |
|  PUT   |  2026-10-02T19:07:56.815Z  |  demo-repo/backup/demo/backup.info  |
|  DELETE|  2026-10-02T19:08:04.878Z  |  demo-repo/backup/demo/backup.info  |
+--------+----------------------------+-------------------------------------+

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=3 \
       --repo-target-time="2026-10-02 19:07:57+00" info

       [filtered 5 lines of output]
        wal archive min/max (17): 00000005000000000000001C/00000005000000000000001D

        full backup: 20261002-190741F
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:07:41+00 / 2026-10-02 19:07:56+00
            wal start/stop: 00000005000000000000001D / 00000005000000000000001D
            repo3: backup set size: 3.8MB, backup size: 3.8MB

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --repo=3 --delta \
       --repo-target-time="2026-10-02 19:07:57+00" --log-level-console=info restore

P00   INFO: restore command begin 2.59.3: --delta --exec-id=1953-a0a01a5a --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --process-max=4 --repo=3 --repo2-azure-account=<redacted> --repo2-azure-container=demo-container --repo2-azure-key=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-pass=<redacted> --repo1-cipher-type=aes-256-cbc --repo5-gcs-bucket=demo-bucket --repo5-gcs-key=<redacted> --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest --repo2-path=/demo-repo --repo3-path=/demo-repo --repo4-path=/demo-repo --repo5-path=/demo-repo --repo3-s3-bucket=demo-bucket --repo3-s3-endpoint=s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com --repo3-s3-key=<redacted> --repo3-s3-key-secret=<redacted> --repo3-s3-region=us-east-1 --repo4-sftp-host=sftp-server --repo4-sftp-host-key-hash-type=sha1 --repo4-sftp-host-user=pgbackrest --repo4-sftp-private-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp --repo4-sftp-public-key-file=/var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa_sftp.pub --repo-target-time="2026-10-02 19:07:57+00" --repo2-type=azure --repo3-type=s3 --repo4-type=sftp --repo5-type=gcs --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: repo3: restore backup set 20261002-190741F, recovery will start at 2026-10-02 19:07:41
P00   INFO: remove invalid files/links/paths from '/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo'
P00   INFO: write updated /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/postgresql.auto.conf
       [filtered 2 lines of output]

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

sudo adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" pgbackrest

sudo apt-get install postgresql-client libxml2 libssh2-1

sudo scp build:/build/pgbackrest/src/pgbackrest /usr/bin
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/pgbackrest

sudo mkdir -p -m 770 /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo chown pgbackrest:pgbackrest /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest/conf.d
sudo touch /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chown pgbackrest:pgbackrest /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/pgbackrest
sudo chmod 750 /var/lib/pgbackrest
sudo chown pgbackrest:pgbackrest /var/lib/pgbackrest

sudo -u pgbackrest mkdir -m 750 /home/pgbackrest/.ssh
sudo -u pgbackrest ssh-keygen -f /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/id_rsa \
       -t rsa -b 4096 -N ""

sudo -u postgres mkdir -m 750 -p /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh
sudo -u postgres ssh-keygen -f /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa \
       -t rsa -b 4096 -N ""

(echo -n 'no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,' && \
       echo -n 'command="/usr/bin/pgbackrest ${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND#* }" ' && \
       sudo ssh root@pg-primary cat /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) | \
       sudo -u pgbackrest tee -a /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/authorized_keys

(echo -n 'no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,' && \
       echo -n 'command="/usr/bin/pgbackrest ${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND#* }" ' && \
       sudo ssh root@repository cat /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) | \
       sudo -u postgres tee -a /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/authorized_keys

sudo -u pgbackrest ssh postgres@pg-primary

sudo -u postgres ssh pgbackrest@repository

[demo]

pg1-host=pg-primary

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

log-level-file=detail

repo1-host=repository

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --stanza=demo stanza-create

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo check

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --stanza=demo check

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --stanza=demo backup

P00   WARN: no prior backup exists, incr backup has been changed to full

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --delta restore
sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=full backup

[demo]

pg1-host=pg-primary

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

process-max=3

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --stanza=demo --type=full backup

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest info

stanza: demo
    status: ok
    cipher: none

    db (current)
        wal archive min/max (17): 000000070000000000000023/000000070000000000000025

        full backup: 20261002-190844F
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:08:44+00 / 2026-10-02 19:08:48+00
            wal start/stop: 000000070000000000000023 / 000000070000000000000023
            database size: 29.2MB, database backup size: 29.2MB
            repo1: backup set size: 3.8MB, backup size: 3.8MB

        full backup: 20261002-190850F
            timestamp start/stop: 2026-10-02 19:08:50+00 / 2026-10-02 19:08:52+00
            wal start/stop: 000000070000000000000024 / 000000070000000000000025
            database size: 29.2MB, database backup size: 29.2MB
            repo1: backup set size: 3.8MB, backup size: 3.8MB

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest stop

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --stanza=demo backup

P00   WARN: unable to check pg1: [StopError] raised from remote-0 ssh protocol on 'pg-primary': stop file exists for all stanzas
P00  ERROR: [056]: unable to find primary cluster - cannot proceed
            HINT: are all available clusters in recovery?

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest stop

P00   WARN: stop file already exists for all stanzas

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest start

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo stop

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --stanza=demo backup

P00   WARN: unable to check pg1: [StopError] raised from remote-0 ssh protocol on 'pg-primary': stop file exists for stanza demo
P00  ERROR: [056]: unable to find primary cluster - cannot proceed
            HINT: are all available clusters in recovery?

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo start

sudo apt-get install postgresql-client libxml2 libssh2-1

sudo scp build:/build/pgbackrest/src/pgbackrest /usr/bin
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/pgbackrest

sudo mkdir -p -m 770 /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo chown postgres:postgres /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest/conf.d
sudo touch /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

sudo -u postgres mkdir -m 750 -p /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh
sudo -u postgres ssh-keygen -f /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa \
       -t rsa -b 4096 -N ""

(echo -n 'no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,' && \
       echo -n 'command="/usr/bin/pgbackrest ${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND#* }" ' && \
       sudo ssh root@pg-standby cat /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) | \
       sudo -u pgbackrest tee -a /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/authorized_keys

(echo -n 'no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,' && \
       echo -n 'command="/usr/bin/pgbackrest ${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND#* }" ' && \
       sudo ssh root@repository cat /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) | \
       sudo -u postgres tee -a /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/authorized_keys

sudo -u pgbackrest ssh postgres@pg-standby

sudo -u postgres ssh pgbackrest@repository

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

log-level-file=detail

repo1-host=repository

sudo pg_createcluster 17 demo

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --delta --type=standby restore
sudo -u postgres cat /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/postgresql.auto.conf

# Do not edit this file manually!
# It will be overwritten by the ALTER SYSTEM command.

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:06:30
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:06:56
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:07:16
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'
# Removed by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:10 # recovery_target_time = '2026-10-02 19:07:12.060959+00'
# Removed by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:10 # recovery_target_action = 'promote'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:10
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --repo=3 --repo-target-time="2026-10-02 19:07:57+00" --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:37
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:09:08
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

archive_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-push %p'

archive_mode = on

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

sudo -u postgres cat /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-17-demo.log

       [filtered 6 lines of output]
LOG:  restored log file "00000007.history" from archive
LOG:  restored log file "000000070000000000000024" from archive
LOG:  entering standby mode
LOG:  redo starts at 0/24000028
LOG:  restored log file "000000070000000000000025" from archive
       [filtered 3 lines of output]

sudo -u postgres psql -c " \
       begin; \
       create table replicated_table (message text); \
       insert into replicated_table values ('Important Data'); \
       commit; \
       select * from replicated_table";

       [filtered 4 lines of output]
    message
----------------
 Important Data
(1 row)

sudo -u postgres psql -c "select * from replicated_table;"

ERROR:  relation "replicated_table" does not exist
LINE 1: select * from replicated_table;
                      ^

sudo -u postgres psql -c "select *, current_timestamp from pg_switch_wal()";

 pg_switch_wal |       current_timestamp
---------------+-------------------------------
 0/26019600    | 2026-10-02 19:09:16.993398+00
(1 row)

sudo -u postgres psql -c " \
       select *, current_timestamp from replicated_table"

    message     |       current_timestamp
----------------+-------------------------------
 Important Data | 2026-10-02 19:09:22.793715+00
(1 row)

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info check

P00   INFO: check command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=654-6b53cbe6 --log-level-console=info --log-level-file=detail --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo1-host=repository --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: check repo1 (standby)
P00   INFO: switch wal not performed because this is a standby
P00   INFO: check command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres psql -c " \
       create user replicator password 'jw8s0F4' replication";

CREATE ROLE

sudo -u postgres sh -c 'echo \
       "host    replication     replicator      172.17.0.8/32           md5" \
       >> /etc/postgresql/17/demo/pg_hba.conf'
sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo reload

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo

recovery-option=primary_conninfo=host=172.17.0.6 port=5432 user=replicator



[global]

log-level-file=detail

repo1-host=repository

sudo -u postgres sh -c 'echo \
       "172.17.0.6:*:replication:replicator:jw8s0F4" \
       >> /var/lib/postgresql/.pgpass'
sudo -u postgres chmod 600 /var/lib/postgresql/.pgpass

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo stop
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --delta --type=standby restore
sudo -u postgres cat /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/postgresql.auto.conf

# Do not edit this file manually!
# It will be overwritten by the ALTER SYSTEM command.

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:06:30
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:06:56
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:07:16
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'
# Removed by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:10 # recovery_target_time = '2026-10-02 19:07:12.060959+00'
# Removed by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:10 # recovery_target_action = 'promote'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:10
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --repo=3 --repo-target-time="2026-10-02 19:07:57+00" --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:08:37
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

# Recovery settings generated by pgBackRest restore on 2026-10-02 19:09:25
primary_conninfo = 'host=172.17.0.6 port=5432 user=replicator'
restore_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo archive-get %f "%p"'

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo start

sudo -u postgres cat /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-17-demo.log

       [filtered 13 lines of output]
LOG:  consistent recovery state reached at 0/25000050
LOG:  database system is ready to accept read-only connections
LOG:  started streaming WAL from primary at 0/27000000 on timeline 7

sudo -u postgres psql -c " \
       begin; \
       create table stream_table (message text); \
       insert into stream_table values ('Important Data'); \
       commit; \
       select *, current_timestamp from stream_table";

       [filtered 4 lines of output]
    message     |       current_timestamp
----------------+-------------------------------
 Important Data | 2026-10-02 19:09:32.302145+00
(1 row)

sudo -u postgres psql -c " \
       select *, current_timestamp from stream_table"

    message     |       current_timestamp
----------------+-------------------------------
 Important Data | 2026-10-02 19:09:32.491307+00
(1 row)

sudo apt-get install postgresql-client libxml2 libssh2-1

sudo scp build:/build/pgbackrest/src/pgbackrest /usr/bin
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/pgbackrest

sudo mkdir -p -m 770 /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo chown postgres:postgres /var/log/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest
sudo mkdir -p /etc/pgbackrest/conf.d
sudo touch /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf
sudo chown postgres:postgres /etc/pgbackrest/pgbackrest.conf

sudo -u postgres mkdir -m 750 -p /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh
sudo -u postgres ssh-keygen -f /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa \
       -t rsa -b 4096 -N ""

(echo -n 'no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,' && \
       echo -n 'command="/usr/bin/pgbackrest ${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND#* }" ' && \
       sudo ssh root@pg-alt cat /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) | \
       sudo -u pgbackrest tee -a /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/authorized_keys

(echo -n 'no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-port-forwarding,' && \
       echo -n 'command="/usr/bin/pgbackrest ${SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND#* }" ' && \
       sudo ssh root@repository cat /home/pgbackrest/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) | \
       sudo -u postgres tee -a /var/lib/postgresql/.ssh/authorized_keys

sudo -u pgbackrest ssh postgres@pg-alt

sudo -u postgres ssh pgbackrest@repository

[demo-alt]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

log-level-file=detail

repo1-host=repository

[demo]

pg1-host=pg-primary

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[demo-alt]

pg1-host=pg-alt

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

process-max=3

repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest

repo1-retention-full=2

start-fast=y

sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/17/bin/initdb \
       -D /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo -k -A peer
sudo pg_createcluster 17 demo

Configuring already existing cluster (configuration: /etc/postgresql/17/demo, data: /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo, owner: 102:103)
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner    Data directory              Log file
17  demo    5432 down   postgres /var/lib/postgresql/17/demo /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-17-demo.log

archive_command = 'pgbackrest --stanza=demo-alt archive-push %p'

archive_mode = on

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo restart

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo-alt --log-level-console=info stanza-create

P00   INFO: stanza-create command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=386-f644abb9 --log-level-console=info --log-level-file=detail --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo1-host=repository --stanza=demo-alt
P00   INFO: stanza-create for stanza 'demo-alt' on repo1
P00   INFO: stanza-create command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --log-level-console=info check

P00   INFO: check command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=396-8c7be3ca --log-level-console=info --log-level-file=detail --no-log-timestamp --repo1-host=repository
P00   INFO: check stanza 'demo-alt'
P00   INFO: check repo1 configuration (primary)
P00   INFO: check repo1 archive for WAL (primary)
P00   INFO: WAL segment 000000010000000000000001 successfully archived to '/var/lib/pgbackrest/archive/demo-alt/17-1/0000000100000000/000000010000000000000001-ef9bc7e061e42fae1596a4f23d34fdb78ee324d0.gz' on repo1
P00   INFO: check command end: completed successfully

sudo -u pgbackrest pgbackrest --log-level-console=info check

P00   INFO: check command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=1284-38748c52 --log-level-console=info --no-log-timestamp --repo1-path=/var/lib/pgbackrest
P00   INFO: check stanza 'demo'
P00   INFO: check repo1 configuration (primary)
P00   INFO: check repo1 archive for WAL (primary)
P00   INFO: WAL segment 000000070000000000000027 successfully archived to '/var/lib/pgbackrest/archive/demo/17-1/0000000700000000/000000070000000000000027-f89bb62652ecba95477379768079564b0243a0d3.gz' on repo1
P00   INFO: check stanza 'demo-alt'
P00   INFO: check repo1 configuration (primary)
P00   INFO: check repo1 archive for WAL (primary)
P00   INFO: WAL segment 000000010000000000000002 successfully archived to '/var/lib/pgbackrest/archive/demo-alt/17-1/0000000100000000/000000010000000000000002-de2b6314bf64b956ede5fad9e01f3d5f0200faff.gz' on repo1
P00   INFO: check command end: completed successfully

sudo mkdir -p -m 750 /var/spool/pgbackrest
sudo chown postgres:postgres /var/spool/pgbackrest

sudo mkdir -p -m 750 /var/spool/pgbackrest
sudo chown postgres:postgres /var/spool/pgbackrest

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo



[global]

archive-async=y

log-level-file=detail

repo1-host=repository

spool-path=/var/spool/pgbackrest



[global:archive-get]

process-max=2



[global:archive-push]

process-max=2

[demo]

pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo

recovery-option=primary_conninfo=host=172.17.0.6 port=5432 user=replicator



[global]

archive-async=y

log-level-file=detail

repo1-host=repository

spool-path=/var/spool/pgbackrest



[global:archive-get]

process-max=2



[global:archive-push]

process-max=2

sudo -u postgres psql -c "alter user replicator password 'bogus'"

ALTER ROLE

sudo pg_ctlcluster 17 demo restart

sudo -u postgres psql -c " \
       select pg_create_restore_point('test async push'); select pg_switch_wal(); \
       select pg_create_restore_point('test async push'); select pg_switch_wal(); \
       select pg_create_restore_point('test async push'); select pg_switch_wal(); \
       select pg_create_restore_point('test async push'); select pg_switch_wal(); \
       select pg_create_restore_point('test async push'); select pg_switch_wal();"
sudo -u postgres pgbackrest --stanza=demo --log-level-console=info check

P00   INFO: check command begin 2.59.3: --exec-id=2590-c51c0441 --log-level-console=info --log-level-file=detail --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --repo1-host=repository --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: check repo1 configuration (primary)
P00   INFO: check repo1 archive for WAL (primary)
P00   INFO: WAL segment 00000007000000000000002D successfully archived to '/var/lib/pgbackrest/archive/demo/17-1/0000000700000000/00000007000000000000002D-1ed494e7471557cb0563baa2af44d9e1252e424f.gz' on repo1
P00   INFO: check command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres cat /var/log/pgbackrest/demo-archive-push-async.log

-------------------PROCESS START-------------------
P00   INFO: archive-push:async command begin 2.59.3: [/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/pg_wal] --archive-async --exec-id=2576-267f2388 --log-level-console=off --log-level-file=detail --log-level-stderr=off --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --process-max=2 --repo1-host=repository --spool-path=/var/spool/pgbackrest --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: push 1 WAL file(s) to archive: 000000070000000000000028
P01 DETAIL: pushed WAL file '000000070000000000000028' to the archive
P00   INFO: archive-push:async command end: completed successfully

-------------------PROCESS START-------------------
P00   INFO: archive-push:async command begin 2.59.3: [/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo/pg_wal] --archive-async --exec-id=2594-5115f5d8 --log-level-console=off --log-level-file=detail --log-level-stderr=off --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --process-max=2 --repo1-host=repository --spool-path=/var/spool/pgbackrest --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: push 5 WAL file(s) to archive: 000000070000000000000029...00000007000000000000002D
P02 DETAIL: pushed WAL file '00000007000000000000002A' to the archive
P01 DETAIL: pushed WAL file '000000070000000000000029' to the archive
P02 DETAIL: pushed WAL file '00000007000000000000002B' to the archive
P01 DETAIL: pushed WAL file '00000007000000000000002C' to the archive
P02 DETAIL: pushed WAL file '00000007000000000000002D' to the archive
P00   INFO: archive-push:async command end: completed successfully

sudo -u postgres cat /var/log/pgbackrest/demo-archive-get-async.log

-------------------PROCESS START-------------------
P00   INFO: archive-get:async command begin 2.59.3: [000000070000000000000024, 000000070000000000000025, 000000070000000000000026, 000000070000000000000027, 000000070000000000000028, 000000070000000000000029, 00000007000000000000002A, 00000007000000000000002B] --archive-async --exec-id=871-5afe1731 --log-level-console=off --log-level-file=detail --log-level-stderr=off --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --process-max=2 --repo1-host=repository --spool-path=/var/spool/pgbackrest --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: get 8 WAL file(s) from archive: 000000070000000000000024...00000007000000000000002B
P02 DETAIL: found 000000070000000000000025 in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P01 DETAIL: found 000000070000000000000024 in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P02 DETAIL: found 000000070000000000000026 in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P01 DETAIL: found 000000070000000000000027 in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P00 DETAIL: unable to find 000000070000000000000028 in the archive
P00   INFO: archive-get:async command end: completed successfully
       [filtered 14 lines of output]
P00   INFO: archive-get:async command begin 2.59.3: [000000070000000000000028, 000000070000000000000029, 00000007000000000000002A, 00000007000000000000002B, 00000007000000000000002C, 00000007000000000000002D, 00000007000000000000002E, 00000007000000000000002F] --archive-async --exec-id=924-87ccaa43 --log-level-console=off --log-level-file=detail --log-level-stderr=off --no-log-timestamp --pg1-path=/var/lib/postgresql/17/demo --process-max=2 --repo1-host=repository --spool-path=/var/spool/pgbackrest --stanza=demo
P00   INFO: get 8 WAL file(s) from archive: 000000070000000000000028...00000007000000000000002F
P02 DETAIL: found 000000070000000000000029 in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P01 DETAIL: found 000000070000000000000028 in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P02 DETAIL: found 00000007000000000000002A in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P01 DETAIL: found 00000007000000000000002B in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P02 DETAIL: found 00000007000000000000002C in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P01 DETAIL: found 00000007000000000000002D in the repo1: 17-1 archive
P00 DETAIL: unable to find 00000007000000000000002E in the archive
P00   INFO: archive-get:async command end: completed successfully
       [filtered 15 lines of output]

sudo -u postgres psql -c "alter user replicator password 'jw8s0F4'"

ALTER ROLE